ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ISLAMIC ETHICS, AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed the digital society by influencing decision-making, communication, education, healthcare, financial services, and legal practices. Although AI provides substantial opportunities for social and economic development, its increasing autonomy also raises ethical and legal questions concerning accountability, privacy, fairness, transparency, human dignity, and responsibility for harm caused by AI-assisted decisions. From an Islamic perspective, these challenges require an ethical framework that does not merely focus on technological efficiency but also considers moral responsibility, public interest, justice, and the objectives of Islamic law. This study aims to examine the relationship between artificial intelligence, Islamic ethics, and legal responsibility in the digital society through a library research approach. Relevant academic publications, books, Islamic legal literature, policy documents, and international ethical frameworks were critically examined and thematically synthesized. The findings indicate that AI should be positioned as a technological instrument whose development and utilization remain subject to human moral and legal responsibility. Islamic ethical principles, particularly justice, human dignity, trustworthiness, prevention of harm, public benefit, and accountability, provide a normative foundation for responsible AI governance. The analysis further indicates that the principles of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah can serve as a bridge between Islamic ethical values and contemporary AI governance by emphasizing the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Therefore, legal responsibility for AI-related harm should primarily be attributed to the human actors and institutions involved in designing, developing, deploying, and supervising AI systems rather than treating AI itself as an autonomous legal subject. The study proposes an integrated ethical-legal framework for AI governance based on human oversight, transparency, fairness, harm prevention, accountability, and maqāṣid-oriented governance.

Kata Kunci: